Hospital Staffing Crisis Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical clinic Staffing Crisis - Research Proposal Example Higher quantities of attendant staffing in emergency clinics has uncovered to compare with lower mortalities just as paces of clinical entanglements. Also, expanded staffing prompts diminished lengths of remain and improved results (Bowers& Flood, 2008). Topical sentence: One emergency that influences medical clinic staffing is the pace of disappointment propensities among the attendants. The workplace effectively impacts their fulfillment levels and once they feel disappointed, they quit and search for occupations somewhere else (Myers, 2012). Topical Sentence: Nursing has demonstrated to take the greatest expense of work in the emergency clinics. All the more frequently, experts visit the head nursing officials to ask about the issues concerning their staffing (Ellerbe, 2013). Higher quantities of attendant staffing in emergency clinics has uncovered to compare with lower mortalities just as paces of clinical intricacies. What's more, expanded staffing prompts diminished lengths of remain and improved results (Bowers& Flood, 2008). One emergency that influences medical clinic staffing is the pace of disappointment propensities among the attendants. The workplace effectively impacts their fulfillment levels and once they feel disappointed, they quit and search for occupations somewhere else (Myers, 2012). Steady stopping among medical attendants lessens the nature of patient consideration just as the wellbeing of the patients. As indicated by an occupation good review done, medical attendants enrolled low acceptable rates with regards to obligations completed just as pay (Myers, 2012). As per the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, disappointment among the attendant has continued and ongoing investigation show that 41% of medical caretaker as of now working consent to disappointment and 22% arrangement on stopping their employments. A populace of these attendants are despondent about their employments encounters because of the work over-burdens among different challenges (Hinshaw, and Grady, 2011). They state that they

The Evaluation of Tsotsi Essay Example for Free

The Evaluation of Tsotsi Essay He is in one of the groups there. He leaves from his folks when he is youthful on the grounds that he has a terrible dad who consistently hits him and accuses him, and his mom is experiencing an ailment. He feels alone, so he goes to remain with different vagrants. He grows up with them, and lives with them in huge, solid development pipes. He needs to become free when he is youthful. The most significant scene in the film is the burglary case. A relentless individual, Tsotsi attempts to take a rich woman’s vehicle and cash. While he is taking her vehicle, he finds that there is an infant in the secondary lounge of the vehicle. At the point when he hears the infant cry, he is helped to remember his youth. Out of blame, he chooses to assume on the liability and deal with the child. After the first run through of endeavoring, he understands that he can't deal with the child. At that point, he meets Miriam, the entertainer Terry Pheto, who has a newborn child, and undermines her to take care of the infant. These issues make Tsotsi to set out on his excruciating procedure. This film has an astounding opening, completion and conveyance which can draw the audience’s consideration. Additionally, the cameramen utilize the high caliber of aptitudes which can emphatically mirror the circumstance in Africa. Besides, characters are one of the spirits of the film which the feeling toward the crowd can illuminate an entire film. In conclusion, this film can mirror the social issues in Africa which we have to prize what we have. Toward the start of the film, on the train, Tsotsi and his companions attempt to take cash. This minimal opening gets the audience’s consideration. Moreover, this film has a little flashback to the youth of Tsotsi, aside from the flashback recollections of youth that Tsotsi himself encounters right off the bat in the film. The watchers can obviously comprehend the explanation for how he turns into a looter. The watcher won't get befuddled in light of the fact that this film is very direct and clear. The story move bit by bit. As a matter of fact, it shows the timetable from getting the infant accidently in the vehicle to giving back the infant to her folks. The film is primarily encompassing the capturing case. Moreover, toward the finish of the film, it is the defining moment of Tsotsi which can see him change from scorn to mind of an individual. Around then, Tsotsi feels lament, and he is intending to give back the child to her folks. At the point when he shows up in their home, he remains for quite a while and attempts to chat with her folks. The crowd will begin getting bothered in light of the fact that they realize the police are coming, they dont need Tsotsi to get captured. They will feel confounded. In any case, this film has an extraordinary closure which give a topic to the crowd to examine. It shows that Tsotsi raises his arms to the police officers, and all pointing their firearms at him. What occurs straightaway? Does Tsotsi give up? Or then again do the police shoot him? These are the conceivable thing that may occur. The producers pick this awesome closure since they need the crowd to think about the film and theory if there will be another scene following to proceed. This is a shrewd method to advance a film. Also, the lighting impact is one of the fascination focuses. Cameramen are one the spirits of every film; how the crowd puts resources into the film depends on the cameramen. This is an admirable accomplishment of the cameramen; they work superbly in this film. This film incorporates magnificent and extremely persuading exhibitions gives a remarkable profound force. Most scenes occur either around evening time or in the early morning; taking shots around evening time is constantly troublesome, and the cameramen need to continue looking for the right condition lighting conditions. Be that as it may, the cameramen still can get a particular second; this shows they have a decent aptitudes. What's more, Tsotâ ¬si, played by Presley Chweneyagae, acts very well in this film. His enthusiastic articulation can impact different on-screen characters, and put them into their own characters profoundly. In addition, he shows his feeling toward to the child, and he can pass on his feeling to the crowd as well. These feelings can illuminate the entire film. When Tsotsi sees Miriam is taking care of the infant, the watcher can know how poor the adolescence of Tsotsi is, and the watcher can see he truly needs a mother’s love. Moreover, this film has a compelling passionate line between the infant and Tsotsi. Tsotsi has just developed a relationship with the infant. The child appears his sister. In the film, Tsotsi says, â€Å"The child is mine,† which mean he truly thinks about the infant. He doesn’t need to lose it. At long last, this film is the most blazing point in the third world. This film, Tsotsi, shows the social issues in Africa, similar to vagrancy, and starvation. Everybody conceived is a present from God. We are one of a kind and unadulterated. Nobody should be a hoodlum or underhandedness. Tsotsi likewise is benevolent when he takes a gander at the child. Unfortunately, the network consistently compels him to do terrible things. On the off chance that he doesn’t adhere to the principles; he will be slaughtered by. Furthermore, in the film, Tsotsi lives in a ghetto, which shows how poor life is. Is it destiny? In this way, we should be happy that we are living in such a quiet and abundant spot. Everything isn't unavoidable; we have to love what we have and not contrast and the others. Through this film, the watchers will get familiar with the expectation for everyday comforts in Africa, and they can comprehend what sorts of issues it has. All the primary and minor characters and plotlines that are investigated presumably merit thankfulness, as generally they all play their parts well. The entirety of the characters are critical. The feeling communicated is amazing. It’s a film that will impact individuals, and the watchers need to focus on comprehend the significance inside. This film likewise won the 2005 Academy Globe for Best Foreign Language Film. In this way, Tsotsi is a momentous film that you should watch, and it has a solid significance.

The Meaning of August

The Meaning of August What does August mean to you? For me it used to mean that school was starting, summer was over all kinds of depressing things like that. This time around, summer is over and school is starting (although not for a little while longer), but its not depressing, because Im taking classes that I want to take, classes that I find interesting. August is exciting, because Im moving back into my dorm. And most importantly, friends that I havent seen in 3 months are coming back to campus. This is what August means to me right now, and its kind of weird, because Im not used to August being exciting. This, I think, is the point where I break to throw in the stereotypical self-introduction. Hi! Im Evan. Im in the Class of 2010 (which makes me a sophomore), and Im Course VI (i.e. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science). Specifically, Im VI-2 (i.e. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, as opposed to just one or the other). Most of my waking life is spent in front of a computer, an electronics bench, or a Guitar Hero controller. Im pretty much the stereotypical MIT Course Sixer. I live in Burton-Conner, along with way too many other people. Unlike most of those people, though, I live on Conner 4, not Conner 2. And yeahtheres my intro. Back to the other interesting stuff now. The one unfortunate part of August is packing and moving. Although all of the dorms at MIT remain open for summer residents, my floor was closed down, so I decided that I wanted to experience living at East Campus, so I moved to Tetazoo, home of yet another blogger. I had a good time, but Im pretty ready to move back. Actually, Im really excited because my room is no longer Institute Off-White (yes, thats a designated color around here). Different dorms have different rules about painting, but at Burton-Conner its pretty easy: you tell the Housemanager that you want to paint and he always says yes. Then at the end of the year, you have to convince the person moving into your room that they like the coloror paint the room back to Institute Off-White. Even though the approval process is easy, the painting process isnt so great. I spent most of the summer unsure of if I wanted to bother painting or not. But I decided about a week ago to go ahead and do it. My decision process went something like this: (sitting around with some friends) Me: Should I paint my room? Megan 08: Yeah, you should. It makes it feel more awesome. Me: MehI dont knowits a lot of work for a room Ill have for 8 months Megan 08: Here have my awesome tools that make painting really easy. So I ended up painting my room. I made two trips to Home Depot (conveniently located a block away from a Red Line stop on the T), took down anything on the walls that would come off easily, took a day off of work (Im UROPing at the Media Lab, but more on that some other time), made another trip to Home Depot (for the stuff I forgot), and then painted my room (its now Athenian Green with Windsor Haze accents check them out on Behrs website if you really want to know). Im not quite done yet there are still some areas that need to be touched up, and I need to figure out how Im going to paint on top of the elephant and armadillo which is what we call the dressers. Im pretty sure I need to climb on top to get to everything, but I feel like getting down will be really challenging, especially when Im surrounded by wet paint. (Heres a picture of an elephant and an armadillo, but theyre not from my current room:) But Im done enough that I can start thinking about the rest of the moving process. Im starting to pack up my stuff, and this weekend some friends and I are going to split the cost of a Zipcar, move my stuff back to Burton-Conner, and then go to IKEA, Costco, Target, and just generally stock up on stuff we need for the beginning of the school year. Oh one more thing that you guys should know before I go. NO FIRST POSTS! Seriously Ill delete them myself if I see them. Go find a lifeor something productive to say. Ill be following this up with some various entries on what I do for fun, money, and class credit, but as always, feel free to leave questions, comments, suggestions, complaints, and ideas of what youd like to hear more about.

Bias Being Tilted Towards On Side Of Thinking - 948 Words

Bias: Being tilted towards on side of thinking. We are all a little biased on one or more subjects. I don’t believe that bias has to do with race. Bias is to lean heavy on one side or another side of an argument. Webster’s Dictionary: a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc., are better than others that usually results in treating some people unfairly. Based on the definition of the word my original thoughts were not correct. Bias has to do with groups of people and not subjects. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2016. Racism: The belief that one race is superior to another race of people. Racism occurs everyday in every society. Racism applies to both white people and minorities. Racism is unfounded and is not based on factual information. I believe that racism occurs because people fear anything that is different. Webster’s Dictionary: poor treatment of or violence against people because of their race I didn’t realize that racism had to do with the treatment of another race. I thought racism was just a dislike of another race. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2016. Prejudice: Prejudice is the dislike or poor treatment of a specific group of people. I don’t believe that prejudice has to do with a race. Prejudice is also assuming something about a person or group with out facts to back up this belief. Webster’s Dictionary: an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc. I did not knowShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War : A New History1650 Words   |  7 Pagesscramble and collapse of the Soviet Union yet it had its powerful military and weapons of mass destruction. Major Points of Focus In this 185 paged historical account of the Cold War, Gaddis focuses on distinct events and grand strategies that almost tilted the war and make it take a different course. In addition, the author examines some of the influential individuals who helped to resolve a war that had evolved into stable long peace. For instance, Gaddis focuses on the 1962 Cuban miscalculations ofRead MoreNegotiations of the Cuban Missile Crisis6179 Words   |  25 PagesIntroduction By 1962, the Soviet Union was considerably behind the United States in the nuclear arms race. The Soviet Union had limited range missiles that were only capable of being launched against Europe, but the United States possessed missiles that were capable of striking anywhere within the entire Soviet Union. As it is often said, when it comes to national security, leaders sometimes make irrational decisions. In an effort to restore the balance of power Soviet Premier NikitaRead MoreItsc 2439 Ch1-12 Study Guides Essay28023 Words   |  113 Pagesbusinesses and homes in the ____. a. 1960s c. 1980s b. 1970s d. 1990s ____ 59. Widespread use of the Internet by business and home users first occurred in the ____. a. 1960s c. 1980s b. 1970s d. 1990s ____ 60. A hardware device that was a first step toward decentralized computing was the ____. a. central processing unit c. terminal b. internal memory d. hard disk drive ____ 61. Which of these is not one of the trends that led to growth in end users during the 1980s and 1990s? a. Increase in the numberRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pagescan be conveyed both in linguistic and formal elements of advertisements. Studies indicate that between the ages of six to 11 years children begin to develop the ability to think sceptically about advertising, but may not respond critically without being prompted to think about intent and appeals. In summary, cognitive development is the demonstrated leading mediator of children’s response to advertising. However, few empirical studies report a statistical relationship between children’s age and increasingRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pageswhy ethical issues and professionalism affect HR management as a career field. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  3 HR TRANSITIONS HR Management Contributes to Organizational Success More effective management of human resources (HR) increasingly is being seen as positively affecting performance in organizations, both large and small. A joint venture between General Electric and a Japanese company, GE Fanuc is a manufacturer of factory automation and control products. 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Often that uncertainty comes from the asset being valued, though the valuation model may add to that uncertainty. This chapter lays out a philosophical basis for valuation, together with a discussion of how valuation is or can be used in a variety of frameworks, from portfolio management to corporate

What Is Art Essay - 1198 Words

Throughout the art community, there are many different forms and techniques classed as art. In the recent attack on the Queensland Art Gallery (QAG), many of the public hastily judged the abstract art exhibition by stating ‘Abstract art is not really art’. Some of the reluctant public continue to say ‘Abstract painters are sloppy, reckless, renegades with no regard for rules for formalities.’ It is in my opinion that abstract art is can be classed as art because it incorporates the basic concepts and techniques of art. Abstract art, on dictionary.com, can be defined as a trend in painting and sculpture in the twentieth century. Abstract art seeks to separate from traditional representation of physical objects. Abstract art explores the†¦show more content†¦Pollock’s artwork, which can only be described as abstract, requires feeling more than thought. As Pollock said, â€Å"It doesnt matter how the paint is put on, as long as something is sai d†. Involved in a car accident, Pollock died in August 11, 1956 at the young age of 44 years old. ‘Blue Poles: Number 11’ (appendix 1) is considered to be Pollock’s most important abstract painting. Currently owned by the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra, ‘Blue Poles’ is estimated to be worth a staggering AU $180 million. Original bought for $1.8 million, â€Å"Blue Poles† is now one of the most popular exhibits in the gallery. At the dimensions of 210 cm Ãâ€" 486.8 cm (83 in Ãâ€" 192 in), ‘Blue Poles’ is constructed by oil on canvas. Pollock mainly completes most of his artworks while the canvas was stretched out on the floor. On the floor I am more at ease, Pollock wrote in 1947, I feel nearer, more a part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting. The canvas is Belgian linen with a commercially oil-primed ground. The earliest visible layer of paint is black, thinning at the edges to resemble a green. 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Different Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay Free Essays

This chapter provides the debut of this thesis. First the background sing the research is discussed. It besides provides the importance of this survey with the job treatment which will assist the reader understand the intent and research inquiries. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now yearss in organisations, committedness has become really popular topic of involvement. Commitment is of import in organisation and every bit good as effect of a figure of work related variables. Different surveies define organisational committedness otherwise like committedness targeted specifically toward the organisation as an administrative entity. The construct of organisational committedness can be comprises of followerss. Our society roars and develops, the employee`s committedness towards organisation becomes more bleary and dissolves. Now twenty-four hours ‘s employees are happening it hard and difficult for them to remain committed within the organisation. Different factors consequence employee committedness otherwise. It includes certain committednesss to the director, profession, businesss or calling. The construct of organisational committedness can be divided into three different types: Â · Affective committedness which refers to employees ‘ emotional fond regard, designation and engagement towards the organisation. Employees with a strong committedness usage to remain within the organisation because they want to stay in the organisation. Â · Continuance committedness which refers to employees ‘ appraisal ; means the cost of go forthing the organisation is greater than the costs of remaining within the organisation. From employees point of position the costs of go forthing the organisation is greater than the costs of remaining with the organisation because they need to remain in the organisation because they do n’t hold any other pick while merely remaining in the organisation. Â · Normative committedness refers to employees ‘ feeling of duty ( responsibility ) to. Employees ‘ committedness consists of work committedness, organisational committedness and calling committedness. Organizational committedness can besides be defined as employee ‘s engagement and his/ her degree of dedication, earnestness and trueness towards his/her organisation in order to accomplish organisational ends and aims. 1.1 BACKGROUND In this portion Employee ‘s committedness in the telecommunication industry of Pakistan is traveling to be discussed. In economic sector Telecommunication is one of the of import economic sectors in the universe economic system. It besides has some impact on our lives as persons, on our concern in footings of efficiency and effectivity and client service on the footing of every state ‘s fight as a profitable economic system. On the other manus in concern environment, employees use to confront figure of force per unit areas to execute harmonizing to corporate outlooks. These sorts of force per unit areas are frequently created by extremely competitory concern environments, environments which can give uninterrupted alteration and internal redesign or even nerve-racking working conditions for the employees. 1.2 Telecommunication One of the most of import economic sectors in the universe is Telecommunication sector. It besides has a major impact on our lives as persons, on our concern in footings of efficiency and effectivity and every state ‘s fight as a profitable economic system. Currently Pakistan ‘s telecommunications ‘ industry comprises of five major service suppliers that are ; Mobilink, Telenor, Ufone, Warid and Zong. 1.3.1 Mobilink Mobilink Pakistan is the most Cellular Company usage to claims to hold 10 Millions Subscribers within state broad. Mobilink was the first one to establish cellular web in Pakistan. They established themselves as the major cellular company of Pakistan. Covering about every metropolis of Pakistan. Mobilink is a large company that is why they are still expensive as comparison to other companies like Ufone and Warid Tele etc. As bulk of people are utilizing Mobilink services this is the ground why Mobilink is still bear downing high rates from people particularly from those people who belongs to concern category and these people hesitate to exchange to any other web to other cellular company. Mobilink has the largest endorsers in Pakistan. They had besides started GPRS services with Rs. 500/month of limitless use. Mobilink besides had started service of 3 friend and household figure with charges of merely 2.2s/min still expensive as compared to Warid and other webs. Mobilink has a good good adequate substructure and a good established web. The Website of Mobilink is designed in a manner that it gives the feeling to the users like professionals are sitting behind to pull off it. Everything is clearly described on the Website and it ‘s easy to run. Mobilink is a major cellular company and it stands in first topographic point. The lone drawback Mobilink is confronting that is it ‘s the call rates which are really high ( expensive ) . 1.3.2 Telenor Telenor operates in about 13 markets universe broad and each on of those operates completed for the Best Brand Awards for the twelvemonth 2007. The 2007 Telenor Brand Awards was given to Telenor of Pakistan. Executive Vice President and caput of Global Coordination Ragnar Korsaeth, presented the award to Telenor Pakistan as he says, the victor of this Award 2007 i.e. Telenor, because it has built up its trade name penchants significantly above its market portion. The company has its highest client ‘s degree of satisfaction in extremely competitory market. Telenor is a subordinate. It launched its GSM Mobile services on 15th March 2005. 1.3.3 Ufone Ufone is a subordinate of PTCL and was established to supply cellular services across Pakistan. Currently Ufone is supplying quality services to its endorsers across Pakistan. Ufone has presently lowered down its naming rates as compared to other webs. With the support of PTCL, Ufone ever provides quality services to its endorsers. GPRS services of Ufone are the best available in the market. They are ever concerted and listen to the jobs of their endorsers and work out them every bit early as possible. Ufone offers particular characteristics like Internet Bill payment for the first clip in Pakistan. They are ever a caput from other webs in supplying quality services. The best characteristic which is offered by Ufone is Web2SMS Chat Mobile banking wage via SMS. Around 3 million endorsers are utilizing Ufone web and it is still turning. Ufone is one of the best cellular companies in Pakistan with dependable coverage to over 100 metropoliss. 1.3.4 Warid In Pakistan May 2005, Warid launched it services and this Warid tel is operated by Abu Dhabi group which is led by Sheikh Nahyan Mabarak Al Nahayan. It has achieved a landmark by establishing its services to about 6,250 finishs, in Pakistan and spread outing its quality of services around 486 metropoliss. Warid telecom has some good characteristics like low naming rates 30 unsweet charge. It is bettering its coverage and hopes it will be improved as the company grows. Major draw dorsum it has a slowest GPRS service. Warid to Warid call rates are inexpensive but particularly at darks sometimes it has web busy mistakes other than that it works all right. Warid telecom is confronting some current jobs it should supply redresss for these job in order to capture more market as their naming rates are assuring. 1.3.5 Zong First International trade name of China Mobil is launched in Pakistan is Zong, in order to authorise the people of Pakistan in every corner of the state. The nucleus component of Zong is to let people to pass on freely, web coverage. Zong is supported by component like land interruption communications, tendency puting client service and an odd merchandise offering which will redefine regulations of the game. Zong is a difficult struggler to be at figure one topographic point. Zong offer its client with amusements and advanced services and besides authorise them by giving a assortment of merchandises and services. 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The intent of the survey is to happen out that to what certain extent does some variables affects and address employee ‘s committedness towards an organisation and what impact it has on overall employee`s public presentation in the organisation. This is based on private sectors of telecom industry embedded with the committedness of employees towards the organisation. 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT This survey is researching the relation among step ining variables ( occupation satisfaction, trueness, growing, inducements, working environment, communicating, authorization, motive and preparation ) and independent variable ( employee committedness ) and its effects upon the dependant variable ( organisational public presentation ) . It has been found out after preliminary probe that employees are less committed within the organisation due to holding less ownership in their work, low occupation satisfaction, non plenty fruitful inducements, hapless working environment, deficiency of growing and employee trueness within organisation and all other hapless employee satisfaction factors like deficiency of preparation, authorization, motive and hapless communicating process within the organisation, which consequences in high turnover rate in private sector of telecom organisation. 1.5 OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS It is based upon high turnover rate in the telecom industry therefore the investigated factors impacting the committedness of employees and its consequence on organisations. Besides to look into and find the relationship between certain variable and turn toing the undermentioned inquiries: 1. Is there a important relationship between organisational trueness and employee committedness, 2. Is there a important relationship between organisational growing and employee committedness, 3. Is there a important relationship between organisation inducements and employee committedness, 4. Is there a important relationship between working environment and employee committedness, 5. Is there a important relationship between occupation satisfaction and employee committedness. Independent variable: employee committedness Dependent variable: better organisational development Intervening variable: occupation satisfaction, trueness, growing, inducements, working environment, overall employee satisfaction Result: better organisational public presentation 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The success of any organization`s hereafter concern scheme relay on a great trade of it employee ‘s committedness degrees. It besides depends upon on the organisational leading to actuate, to pull and to retain committed employees for future concern aims. Theoretically, this survey added to the organic structure of cognition on the general topic of employee committedness. From a practical point of position, there is a nexus between affectional organisational committedness and productiveness in footings of results such as occupation public presentation and attending. Therefore, it is assumed that this survey will be of involvement to subdivision directors, human resource decision makers, and individuals who work straight with employees in the telecommunication industry. 1.8 SUMMARY OF THESIS Chapter 1 In the gap subdivision of Chapter 1, it includes the debut of research subject and back land for the research inquiry. For this survey Problem statement, intent of the survey, significance of the survey and the research inquiries were used. Chapter 2 This chapter contains a literature reappraisal related to the factors lending towards employee committedness and what impact it has on organisational public presentation. Chapter 3 This chapter focuses on the research methodological analysis. The research inquiry, trying processs, instrument, data-gathering processs and the method of analysis are discussed in it. Chapter 4 This chapter explains research and findings of the survey on the footing of independent, dependent and intervening variables through the aid of arrested development and correlativity. Chapter 5 In this chapter an detailed positions of deductions, restrictions and suggestions are provided. Besides these all chapter at the terminal References and Appendix are besides are given. How to cite Different Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay, Essay examples

On August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi Military Forces Invaded And Occupied Essays

On August 2nd, 1990 Iraqi military forces invaded and occupied the small Arab state of Kuwait. The order was given by Iraqi dictatorial president Saddam Hussein. His aim was apparently to take control Kuwaits oil reserves (despite its small size Kuwait is a huge oil producer; it has about 10 per cent of the worlds oil reserves ). Iraq accused Kuwait, and also the United Arab Emirates, of breaking agreements that limit oil production in the Middle East. According to Saddam Hussein, this brought down world oil prices severely and caused financial loss of billions of dollars in Iraqs annual revenue. Saddam Hussein had the nearly hopeless task of justifying the invasion. He plead the fact that Kuwait had been part of the Ottoman province of Basra, a city in the south of Iraq. However, the Ottoman province collapsed after World War I and todays Iraqi borders were not created until then. There was also a further and more obvious blunder in a bid to justify this illegal invasion. Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, had namely recognized Kuwaiti independence in 1963. Furthermore, Hussein claimed that Kuwait had illegally pumped oil from the Iraqi oil field of Rumaila and otherwise conspired to reduce Iraqs essential oil income. By invading Kuwait, Iraq succeeded in surprising the entire world. The USA ended her policy of accommodating Saddam Hussein, which had existed since the Iran-Iraq war. Negative attitude toward Iraq was soon a worldwide phenomenon. The United Nations Security Council passed 12 resolutions condemning the invasion. The ultimate decision was to use military force if Iraq did not withdraw unconditionally by January 15, 1991. Then, when the deadline was set, it was time to start preparing for the worst-the war. President George Bush confronted little difficulty in winning Americans support for the potential war against Iraq. However, the government found it difficult to decide upon and state one overriding reason for going to war. Was it to oppose aggression or was it just to protect global oil supplies? Other powers were more directly concerned as consumers of Persian Gulf oil, but they were not as eager to commit military force, to risk their youth in battle and to pay for the costs of the war. Critics of President Bush continued to maintain that he was taking advantage of the issue of energy supplies in order to manipulate the U. S. public opinion in favor of war. After consulting with U. S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney in early August 1990, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia invited American troops onto Saudi soil. He had seen Kuwaits destiny; therefore, he wanted protection. It was also the interest of the USA to stop any further advantage of the Iraqi army. The deployment was called Operation Desert Shield. These troops were armed with light, defensive weaponry. On November 8, 1990 President Bush announced a military buildup to provide an offensive option, Operation Desert Storm, to force Iraq out of Kuwait. The preparation of the operation took two and a half months and it involved a massive air- and sea lift. Finally, in January 1991, the U. S. Congress voted to support Security Council resolution 660. It authorized using all necessary means if Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15. Shrugging off this final warning, Saddam Hussein resolutely maintained the occupation of Kuwait. The United States established a broad-based international coalition to confront Iraq militarily and diplomatically. The military coalition consisted of Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Honduras, Italy, Kuwait, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, Spain, Syria, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The war also was financed by countries which were unable to send in troops. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait were the main donors. More than $53 billion was pledged and received. Before the war, it appeared obvious that Iraq would have very little chance against the Coalition. The relative strength between the parties was extremely unequal. The most critical difference was that the Coalition had a total of 2600 aircraft, over three times more than Iraqs 800 aircraft. Most Arab observers thought Hussein would not last more than six months. Lieutenant General Khalid bin Sultan, the commander of the Arab coalition forces, gave Iraqs leader only 40 days, and repeated this prediction many times. Iraqs prospect was dreary. President George Bush waited two days after the UN deadline for Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait before ordering the Coalition to begin action against Iraq. The winds of Desert Storm began howling across Iraq on January 17,

The Bondage Breaker Book

The Bondage Breaker Book Introduction In most societies, religion plays an integral role in the spiritual growth and development of individuals. In times of tribulations, people tend to seek spiritual intervention for the alleviation of the problems inhibiting their progress in different endeavors. In this regard, religious leaders like those in Christian ministries have been on the forefront in fostering the application of religious perspectives in dealing with spiritual, social, and economic challenges.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Bondage Breaker Book specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dr. Neil T. Anderson, the founder of the Emeritus of Freedom in Christ Ministries (FICM), authored a masterpiece book, viz. â€Å"The bondage breaker: overcoming negative thoughts, irrational feelings, and habitual sins†, in a bid to make valid contributions to the alleviation of human suffering. This paper will provide a summary of A nderson’s book before an evaluation and critique are done to determine its application in the mitigation of human suffering from bondage. Summary Anderson wrote the book with the intention of providing readers with a perspective of seeking freedom from the religious point of view based on Christian teachings. He convinces the readers that everyone is entitled to the right to be free from any shackles that may inhibit his/her progress. In this light, behaviors that may be causing one’s tribulations require mitigation through spiritual intervention for the attainment of freedom. According to the author, Christians must challenge demonic powers in a confrontational manner in a bid to break the shackles that bind them. Additionally, the author affirms that Christians can break from their negative thought arrays by combating the temptations that derail them from conforming to the Christian values and expectations. Winning spiritual battles entails the affirmation of oneâ₠¬â„¢s identification with Christ, which fosters the escape from the bondage of sinful behavior (Anderson 2006, 140). Therefore, Anderson outlays a theoretical framework for overpowering irrational feelings, negative thoughts, and habitual sins.  The author explains human behavior by diverging from the old biological and psychological explanations. Christians are faced with slavery, which has been characterized by the emergence of occults and different forms of Satanism (Anderson 2006, 16). This aspect inhibits upright behavior that is expected from Christians since the modern world has embraced a substitute etiology of dysfunctional religious perspectives. The author regards maturity and freedom as the integral aspects of a successful Christian life. The two concepts have Biblical backing since the notions of sanctification and justification represent maturity and freedom respectively. He uses the Bible to show how Satan strives to interfere with the maturity of Christians by prev enting the knowledge of their identity and that of Christ.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theologically, Christian healing from detrimental behavior is curtailed by the maturity a continual process, and freedom, which is instantaneous after an individual accepts salvation. Individuals that have been saved by the Christ face Satan’s deception to take them back from their former behaviors, hence it is essential for Christians to embrace maturity. Apparently, â€Å"the kingdom of darkness† enhances its deception by subjecting Christians to sin, failure, and negative habits (Anderson (2006, 34). In this light, Christians combat their tribulations through the application of contemporary means instead of embracing spiritual solutions. Dysfunctional behavior among Christians follows a rational change that starts with the perspective that an act w ould deviate from religious standards that depict the holiness of God. Ultimately, temptations result in immoral conduct that repeats itself to form habits. The loss of one’s control is a gradual process that leads to three detrimental phases of bondage. Self-depreciating judgments and thoughts of guilt characterize the first level of captivity. The second level is manifested by â€Å"strange evil voices† that tend to overwhelm one’s senses. The third level of bondage is depicted by intense oppression by satanic powers that strive to control an individual’s personality over time (Anderson 2006, 106-111). The imposition of the Satan’s illegitimate authority over humanity through deceptive means is accountable for the dysfunctional human behavior (Anderson 2006, 189). Therefore, the healing process is a personal responsibility through the embracement of Biblical ideas and identifying ones personality with Christ. Breaking away from Satanic subjective bondage involves a process of seven steps. The initial step is the counterfeit versus real, which involves the identification and renouncement of the current or prior engagement in false religions or satanic practices. The second step is termed as the deception versus truth and it involves the identification of the Satan’s deceptive approaches as manifested in an individual’s thoughts before replacing them with the truth found in the Bible. Bitterness versus forgiveness is the third step in the process whereby individuals relinquish their privileges to demand impartiality for the injustices they have suffered. The fourth step is rebellion versus submission, which requires Christians to make decisions that would indicate the authority of the biblical teachings through the portrayal that God is the provider and protector. Pride versus humility is the fifth step whereby the continual intervention of God in people’s lives is acknowledged as the factor for an effici ent Christian life.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Bondage Breaker Book specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sixth phase of the process is bondage versus freedom, which involves the confession and renouncement of habitual sins. The final step is acquiescence versus renunciation whereby an individual is expected to renounce ancestral sins and curses for the attainment of liberation (Anderson 2006, 192-221). The author suggests that the inevitability of freedom from bondage would be achieved through the application of the healing process resulting in the alleviation of dysfunctional behaviors. In a bid to maintain freedom, the healing process may be repeated if necessary to foster the newly acquired freedom. Evaluation and Critique Anderson approaches the issue of human suffering from the spiritual warfare perspective. In this regard, the book is subject to evaluation to identify its strengths and weak nesses. Strengths of Anderson’s ideas I like the book’s focus on the truth based on faith rather than the application of power in the liberation of individuals from their suffering. It is believed that the truth would free an individual and the author utilizes the teachings of the scripture to influence people to stop entertaining dysfunctional behaviors. Since the attack by demons is viewed as a spiritual problem, battling it through the application of the truth found in the Bible addresses the situation in a logical manner, which is reciprocally balanced.  The author is justified to postulate that the spiritual battles that individuals engage in are struggles of the mind. Anderson suggests that Satan applies tactics that lead individuals to temptation, deception, and the accusation that tend to act as the truth. In this regard, the belief in a religious system exists in the mind and the evil spirit attacks the mind to drive its deceptive ideas. Therefore, an indivi dual is expected to use the same mind as a retaliation tool to combat the evil forces. In this sense, I like the idea that Christians are expected to employ their spiritual beliefs and attitudes in the spiritual battles that would overpower the dysfunctional behaviors induced by satanic forces.  Anderson’s book notes that religious groups including the church have depended on the scientific and psychological understanding of deviant behaviors for a long time.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I like Anderson’s approach to the issue of dysfunctional behavior and healing from a perspective that would be considered mythical or superstitious by scientists. Christians also tend to disregard â€Å"the kingdom of darkness† in the development of dysfunctional behavior that enslaves the multitudes (Anderson 2006, 34). Based on the foundations of supernatural circles, Anderson manages to explain how temporal family systems facilitate dysfunctional behavior and its physical manifestation. In addition, I like how Anderson facilitates a demonstration of the need for healing whereby the healing cycle is provided. The author illustrates a seven-step process through which individuals can break from the bondage and attain freedom. Furthermore, a demonstration of the healing process is enhanced by the acceptance of the occurrence of changes in an individual’s life before engaging the mind in the liberation process. The model provided by Anderson advocates the realignm ent of the thinking course from its deceptive attributes to the embracement and integration of biblical knowledge or truth that enhances the need for healing relationships. Weaknesses of Anderson’s Ideas Despite Anderson’s scriptural base to his arguments, criticism from fellow Christians and the scientific community that requires empirical evidence for validation is inevitable. In this light, identifying the weakness of his perspectives on human suffering is essential for the enhancement of the comprehensive understanding of the topic. According to Anderson, personal responsibility is directly subject to personal choices. This assertion implies that individuals may enslave themselves due to the individual choices that they make, and thus they are responsible for their thoughts, choices, and actions. However, the attribution of dysfunction behavior among Christians to â€Å"severe oppression† or â€Å"demonic influences† implies that every individual is r eligious and the issue of bondage is unavoidable. Therefore, I dislike this aspect of the book. Criticisms of the arguments of Anderson may also emerge from the Christian community of which he uses biblical postulations to support his ideas. Therefore, I question the extent to which salvation can be shaken by the efforts of satanic deception and temptations. It is perceived that a born again Christian should portray firm mental and spiritual strength, which is not tempted and deceived easily to engage in negative thoughts, habitual sins, and irrational feelings. Application in individual life and ministerial endeavors Anderson’s ideas on the walk towards freedom from irrational feelings, habitual sin, and negative thoughts can be applied to an individual’s life as a liberation strategy. In this regard, as a Christian, I welcome the arguments put forward by Anderson that demonic spiritual forces restrain us from acknowledging the freedom that is inherited by accepting C hrist through salvation. This assertion implies that I would identify myself in Christian beliefs that would enhance my identification in Christ. Identifying myself as a believer in Christ would entail commitment and belief in the spiritual teachings provided in the Bible. In this regard, my spiritual growth would be enhanced to curtail the demonic strengths that would result in behavioral dysfunctions. Since the author asserts that habitual sins cultivate satanic strongholds in our lives, which in the long-term takes one back to bondage, it would be essential to observe vigilance in my undertakings. In case I go through the healing process, fostering an upright character that upholds morality is essential to curb any possibilities of returning to old habits induced by Satan’s deceptive techniques. Additionally, a repeat of the steps involved in the healing process would be necessary for the attainment of maturity and freedom as a Christian.  Anderson suggests that demonic activities are not responsible for all spiritual battles encountered by Christians. In this regard, challenges faced in my daily endeavors would not be affiliated with demonic forces that have a bearing on the sins that I commit like lying and my strong emotional reactions. Therefore, engaging my mind in rational thoughts would facilitate the enhancement of responsible behavior that fosters morality. In this respect, discerning personal and spiritual factors that undermine my personality would facilitate a better understanding of the battles that I engage in and the response that I should adopt in a bid to triumph. In my evangelical endeavors as a minister, Anderson’s ideas can be used in demon possession teachings. It would be logical to accept that demons exist in the contemporary world and their activities shackle individuals into bondage. Conclusion Anderson provides a good religious approach to the issue of individual dysfunctions by embracing the spiritual battle perspe ctive. His book, â€Å"The bondage breaker: overcoming negative thoughts, irrational feelings, and habitual sins†, provides an in-depth view of the factors that lead to enslavement coupled with how faith can be used in the emancipation process. Evaluating the ideas of Anderson portrays issues like the mental perception of spiritual battles, explanation of human suffering from the religious angle, and the application of a healing process. Criticisms arise in areas of salvation when exerted to demonic energies and the inevitability of behavioral dysfunctions. The application of Anderson’s ideas in real life situations is also practical since the human race is subject to many challenges that may require spiritual intervention. Reference Anderson, Neil. 2006. The Bondage Breaker: Overcoming Negative Thoughts, Irrational Feelings, Habitual Sins. Sisters, OR: Harvest House Publishers.

A Brief History of the Clarinet

A Brief History of the Clarinet Most musical instruments evolve into their present form so gradually over many centuries that it is hard to pinpoint a date they were invented. This is not the case with the clarinet, a tube-shaped single-reed instrument with a bell-shaped end.  Although the clarinet has seen a series of improvements over the last few hundred years, its invention in around 1690 by Johann Christoph Denner, of Nuremburg, Germany, produced an instrument very similar to the one we know today. The Invention Although Denner based the clarinet  on an earlier instrument called the chalumeau, his new instrument made such important changes that it really could not be called an evolution. With the help of his son, Jacob, Denner added two finger keys to a chalumeau- which at the time looked much like a modern day recorder, though with a single-reed mouthpiece. The addition of two keys might sound like a small improvement, but it made an enormous difference by increasing the musical range of the instrument more than two octaves. Denner also created a better mouthpiece and improved the bell shape at the end of the instrument.   The name of the new instrument was coined shortly thereafter, and although there are different theories about the name, most likely it was named because its sound from a distance was somewhat similar to an early form of trumpet. (Clarinetto is an Italian word for little trumpet.)   The new clarinet with its improved range and interesting sound quickly replaced the chalumeau in orchestral arrangements. Mozart (d. 1791) wrote several pieces for the clarinet, and by the time of Beethovens prime years (1800 to 1820), the clarinet was a standard instrument in all orchestras.   Further Improvements Over time, the clarinet saw the addition of additional keys that improved the range and airtight pads that improved its playability. In 1812, Iwan Muller created a new type of keypad covered in leather or fish bladder skin. This was a great improvement over felt pads, which leaked air. With this improvement, makers found it possible to increase the number of holes and keys on the instrument.   In 1843, the clarinet was further improved when Klose adapted the Boehm flute key system to the clarinet. The Boehm  system added a series of rings and axles that made fingering easier which greatly helped, given the wide tonal range of the instrument.   The Clarinet Today The soprano clarinet is one of the most versatile instruments in modern musical performance, and parts for it are included in classical orchestra pieces, orchestra band compositions, and jazz pieces. It is made in several different keys, including B-flat, E-flat, and A, and it is not uncommon for large orchestras to have all three. It is even sometimes heard in rock music. Sly and the Family Stone, the Beatles, Pink Floyd, Aerosmith, Tom Waits, and Radiohead are some of the acts that have included the clarinet in recordings.   The modern clarinet entered its most famous period during the big-band jazz era of the 1940s. Eventually, the mellower sound and easier fingering of the saxophone replaced the clarinet in some compositions, but even today, a great many jazz bands feature at least one clarinet. The clarinet has also helped to inspire the invention of other instruments, such as the flutophone. Famous Clarinet Players Some clarinet players are names many of us know, either as professionals or well-known amateurs. Among the names you might recognize:   Benny GoodmanArty ShawWoody HermanBob WilburWoody Allen

Rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rehabilitation - Essay Example e can have various effects.   I note that during the earlier stages of my disease that I had mild and uncontrollable muscular movements, stumbling, clumsiness, decreased concentration, decreased short-term memory, depression, and changes in mood (NHS, 2012).   During this time, I often felt confused and could not understand what was happening to me and why.   The diagnosis of my disease later helped me understand what I was going through (NHS, 2012).   As the disease advanced, I found it more difficult to walk, and sometimes had trouble sitting and standing on my own.   I also manifested involuntary movements at times.   I had trouble speaking clearly, and sometimes had difficulties in swallowing (NHS, 2012).   I also lost weight.   I also manifested emotional changes including mood changes, depression, and frustration.   My mood changes also caused a loss of motivation and drive, often causing me to withdraw from normal activities (NHS, 2012).   This disease has caused strain with my family members.   For my family, my disease caused much strain and stress.   Financial burden was one of these issues caused by my disease on my family.   It also made them embarrassed to have a family member suffering from the disease (Knowles, 2006).   My children felt misunderstood and did not socialize well with other children because of the embarrassment they felt.   My children also felt that they were constantly in a stressed household and often had to deal with arguments with my wife and with each other (Knowles, 2006).   My children’s studies were also affected due to the stress they had to deal with.   At times, they also had to deal with abuse, mostly emotional abuse from me (Knowles, 2006).   I would sometimes lash out at them and utter angry and hurting words which caused them much pain and frustration. My family also has a history of this disease, with my father and grandfather having died both in the early 40s due to the ravages of this disease. The fact that they

Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Conflict - Essay Example The director ought to have communicated to the nurses on the sweeping changes so as to obtain their concerns or contribution. An example of a factor that can cause conflict is the adjustment of work hours or process. Also, Nurses who have vast experience in the department may feel isolated or unappreciated and hence the hostility. Experience is important when making changes to treatment plans, and career development aspects such as promotion. Despite the imminent threat of conflict, nurse leaders can devise methods to avert it. Conflict can be managed through compromise (American Sentinel University, 2011). A nurse leader ought to analyze the motive and the impact of such reorganization. If the actions consider the interest of patients and the nurses, then a compromise can be reached in which all nurses adapt to the changes. If the changes violate the interest of nurses, a nurse leader can take a collaborative approach and engage the director in finding common ground. In this approach, the director ought to cede ground on issues that violate the interest of nurses, and nurses to allow several vital changes in the department. American Sentinel University. (2011, July 27). The Five Styles of Managing Conflict Resolution for Nursing. Retrieved  June  30, 2015, from

The Recent Negative Effect Of Technology On Society Essay example -- e

The Recent Negative Effect of Technology on Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the Industrial revolution, technology has been changing at a fast pace. People are always wanting a better lifestyle therefore there is always something new arising so humans can cope with their physical environment. One of the most important breakthroughs for technology was the agricultural system. The agricultural system was the basis for the technology of the future. The agricultural system brought on the need for transportation, workers and even, battles over land. The need for transportation brought vehicles into the market. The need for employees brought mechanical robots into society. Battles over land brought on the need for sophisticated weapons. The agricultural system brought on a revolution. The invention of the television can bring media and other forms of entertainment into your house with video and audio combined. Before 1950, newspapers and radio were the only ways to bring media or entertainment into the house. Mass production and other job opportunities brought many people from the suburbs and farms into the city. We can now have forms of electricity directed into our houses for heating and light. Humans are more reliant on technology then ever before. All of these technological advances sound great, however, there is a negative effect to all this technology. Technology can serve to actually harm humans rather then help them. Competition between companies or even cities can sometimes make lives for humans even worse. Take for example when a city builds better and more roads to attract tourists. This actually creates more traffic, not less. Technology also changes our sense of common purpose. New inventions such as the personal computer and machines can change our lifestyles. Even things we take for granted such as the automobile have negative effects on technology. The oil needed for a car to run needs to be imported and sometimes accidents such as the Exxon Valdez incident spills many gallons of oil into the ocean. All of these examples show how technology has negative effects on society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, competition can lead to a negative effect of technology. When a company in the U.S. produces shoes and a company in Great Britain produces shoes as well, they must fight for their market share... ...n conclusion, society has recently seen the negative effects of society. Competition between cities and companies has taken away jobs and brought unwanted and costly projects into pleasurable areas. A change in lifestyle among almost every human being is yet another negative effect of technology. What has happened to people since supermarkets came to town? People do not want to hunt for food anymore. They find it much easier to walk into a store and purchase it. A third reason why technology has a negative effect on society is the advent of highly reliant possessions such as the automobile. Many people count on traveling to work everyday by car. If the car was somehow taken away from people then there would be chaos. It is much too late to take it away. Humans are much too reliant on it. There is not enough mass transit to transport all of the present car users. Hopefully, future technologies will be fully considered. We must look at the advantages and consequences and measure if society will benefit or suffer from the technology. Past technologies weren't fully considered and if they were, there is a chance that the automobile never would have went into production.

Acquiring Knowledge Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Knowledge means power; the whole world craves for knowledge, to know things, to understand, to make accurate calculations and to make wise decisions. But philosophers since ancient times struggle with the question regarding how knowledge is acquired. Is it through the physical senses – of touch, smell, hearing, seeing, and taste? Is it through reason alone? Three great philosophers tackled this question, they are Descartes, Locke, and Kant and all three of them presented three different methodologies when it comes to acquiring knowledge. The pursuit is serious and intense that a whole body of knowledge is dedicated to finding out the answers. It is called epistemology and these three philosophers will serve as guides in the quest to know the truth about knowledge. Descartes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rene Descartes is said to be the father of modern philosophy. He attempted to break with the philosophical traditions of his day by rejecting the Aristotelian philosophy of the schools which is the authority of tradition and the authority of the senses (Craig, 1998). He developed a methodology on how to investigate nature by reducing complex problems to simpler ones and then analyzed further using direct intuition (Craig, 1998). Therefore, his main argument is that by mere thinking one can discover solutions to problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interestingly Descartes had to die to his old beliefs and everything that he considered truth in order for him to determine once and for all that indeed there is a way to discover truth by mere use of intuition and not the reliance of the senses and traditions handed down from one generation to the next. His first guinea pig was himself, he had to doubt his existence to know the truth, and not simply believe that he exist because society tells him that he does exist. He had what inventors and scientists called a â€Å"eureka† moment or a moment of great insight, when he finally blurted out â€Å"Ego cogito, ergo sum† a statement in Latin famously translated as: I think, therefore I am (Broughton, 2008).   This was the breakthrough that he was looking for and he used it as a foundation from where he would build upon his theory of knowledge acquisition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descartes’ idea is cutting edge at that time. He was one of the first to establish the principle of gaining knowledge and studying things that are beyond the capabilities of the five senses. There are many aspects of mathematics that can be ascertained not by using the five senses but by the mere act of intuition. Intuitively man has the ability to know the truth; this is the main argument of Descartes. This is strengthened by the concept of prior knowledge. A good example is the ability of a baby to suck from the mother’s breast the much needed nutrients for survival. A baby is almost blind from birth and yet able to perform such actions. Locke The capability to use the sense of sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste is one major path in gaining knowledge (Hartnack, 2001). It is in fact the ancient way of knowing the environment and the complexities of human interaction such as language and relationships. John Locke is one of the major proponents for this method of knowledge acquisition – that man has the capability of understanding the world around him by observing and utilizing the power of the five senses to harness information. Thus, it can be argued that man can only observe the world through his senses. In this model knowledge is true when it can be measured and observed through the senses. This is also known as empiricism. The significance of this method can be seen in scientific applications of the use of observation and careful measurements. Scientists, sociologists, and even philosophers from all over the world use this technique and it can even be argued that most people use empiricism without even thinking about it. It is just natural for man to use his senses to understand his environment and the stimulus that he receives every waking moment. Immanuel Kant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kant is a central figure in modern philosophy because he was able to synthesize early modern rationalism and empiricism (Rholf, 2010). But this does not mean that Kant was completely successful in reconciling Descartes and Locke’s views concerning the acquisition of knowledge. Kant’s critics even asserted that he had made it more complicated and therefore making it harder to determine the perfect methodology that can help humans master the ability to acquire knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, Kant’s major contribution can be summed up in two statements: 1) human beings experience only appearances, not things in themselves; and 2) space and time are noting other than the subjective forms of human sensible intuition (Rohlf, 2010). This is an important conclusion because there are things that empiricism and rationalism cannot cover but can only be ascertain if there is complete understanding of everything – this is knowledge gained after using other people’s insights and breakthroughs.   For example ancient people see the sun orbiting around the earth, rationalism and empiricism will not refute that claim until there is already a capability to improve on that knowledge and modify it because now people know more about the movement of heavenly objects. Comparison   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descartes did not agree that there can only be one method when it comes to knowledge acquisition. The use of the five senses is not enough to know the truth. There are things in this world that can only be understood by accepting the existence of prior knowledge and the use of intuition. There are mathematical equations that proved useful in improving man’s existence but the steps in developing these mathematical equations was not derived by simply observing the world trough the fives senses. These came forth as a result of institution, simply because mathematical truths belong to an abstract world inaccessible by sense of smell, hearing, taste, touch, and sight. In the privacy of thought, a person can apply these mathematical equations and gain knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another weakness of using the five senses is that it is very subjective. Kant already pointed this out by stating that the five senses cannot be reliable all the time. For example the refraction of light creates optical illusions. The eye communicates to the self and says that the spoon appears to be bent. But the spoon was only perceived to be deformed because of the effect of the action of light when it passes through water. Another problematic aspect of relying on the five senses is its unreliability when human beings are subjected to harsh conditions. For example, a hiker lost in a desert will succumb to the effects of dehydration and begins to see mirage and other images that seem to be real but are not. Even with the obvious weaknesses of the empirical method of acquiring knowledge, it must also be pointed out that the five senses are indispensable tools when it comes to knowledge acquisition. No matter how subjective the five senses may seem to be it must be acknowledge that human beings can live within a community because people understand each other’s languages and respect the rules laid down by the leaders or the elders. This would have been impossible without the use of the five senses. Moreover, the aforementioned weakness of the empirical method can be easily corrected using a third-party that will help verify the information. For example a person hallucinating in the middle of a desert can be rescued by paramedics. And the perfectly healthy rescuers can help the disorientated person to gain his or her bearing. If two people disagree with regards to the exact height of the Statue of Liberty, they need not quarrel, they only need to ask an unbiased participant to measure the statue for them and settle their dispute. Thus, empiricism has only one valid weakness and it is the inability of man to know more than he should and therefore making conclusions without first knowing the big picture or having a complete understanding of the scientific law that governs a particular phenomenon. In this regard Kant’s ideas will be of great help. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Descartes’ view that there is indeed prior knowledge is an important first step in knowledge acquisition. The world is so complex and at the same time working like a well-oiled machine. However, it is not enough to simply say that knowledge can be gained by mere intuition. One has to agree with Locke that the five senses are indispensable tools when it comes to understanding the world. There is a need to observe and to measure in order to know the truth. But even so there are limitations so that it is important to take into consideration what Kant said regarding the inability of the mind to make sense of everything. For example the movement of the earth and sun could never be completely understood by mere intuition or observation alone. There is no perfect methodology in epistemology; there is a need to use each method to know the truth. References Broughton, J. (2008). â€Å"Self-Knowledge.† A Companion to Descartes. MA: Blackwell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing. Craig, E. (1998). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. New York: Routledge. Cicovacki, P. (2002). Between Truth and Illusion: Kant at the Crossroads of Modernity. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Hartnack, J. (2001). Kant’s Theory of Knowledge: Introduction to Critique of Pure Reason. IN: Hacket Publishing, 2001. Rohlf, M. (2010). â€Å"Immanuel Kant.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Accesed 27 July 2010. Avaiable from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/#TraIde   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Effective Stage Combat Techniques

Conflict is the essence of drama.  Onstage, many characters will fight with words only up to a certain point before physically expressing their frustration on something or someone.  Most plays include some element of violence: a slap, a punch, a stab, or just attempts at these types of strikes.  Some plays, especially classics, have complicated sword fights and mass battles.   To present such scenes—called â€Å"fight scenes†Ã¢â‚¬â€on stage so that they look realistic, but do not actually harm the participants, actors learn and practice stage combat. No matter the number of moves in the fight scene—one move or fifty—stage combat is the term used for any act of violence done or attempted on another character. Armed and Unarmed Armed stage combat involves weapons, any type of weapon—rapiers, daggers, broadswords, quarterstaves, knives, guns, or found weapons. (Found weapons are exactly as they sound—an actor uses whatever is in reach to threaten, defend, or attack. This includes anything from a cushion to a clip board to a broom.) Unarmed stage combat refers to any and all moves that do not involve weapons: punches, kicks, slaps, grappling, and falls.  Actors and directors often mishandle unarmed moves because they appear less dangerous than armed attacks.  Unarmed fight scenes, however, are where most injuries occur. Slaps in particular have earned themselves a reputation as the most dangerous move in stage combat circles. In the hands of untrained actors, they can hurt when performed hand to cheek and leave giant red marks on faces. Just as with armed stage combat, behind each punch, kick, and slap, there are whole sets of moves and methods developed to produce a believable act of violence on stage.   A fight director is someone who has studied and trained in all or most of the stage combat disciplines. Fight directors can evaluate the actors, stage or performance space, and audience angles to plan and teach the best way to provide a realistic scene or moment of violence.  Like a choreographer who brings dance expertise, a fight director brings realistic looking combat moves and safety to stage performances. The most dramatic and poignant moments in a play often involve elements of stage combat. A good fight director can heighten those important climatic scenes and keep the audience thoroughly engaged in the dramatic action. Without the guidance of a fight director, two actors in a heated debate may be too obvious as they pull their punches (not hit as hard as possible), the actor who performs a crucial stabbing can clearly miss his mark, or an actor who has been shot in the back can fall the wrong way.  Fight directors know how to blend these combative moments believably into the audience’s experience. Stage combat is a fascinating and fun element of theatre.  Like many other aspects of theatre, its rich background and methods require study and dedication—all of which go completely unnoticed when a fight scene is done well!